電動執行器一般由控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、驅動電機(ji)(ji)、執行(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)構等組(zu)成，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)作為核心部分，其(qi)性(xing)(xing)能將直(zhi)接(jie)決定閥門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)度。電動執行(xing)(xing)器(qi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)多(duo)基(ji)于PLC或(huo)單(dan)片(pian)機(ji)(ji)搭建，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效果比較理(li)想，但是PLC在可(ke)擴(kuo)展(zhan)性(xing)(xing)、二(er)次(ci)開發等方(fang)面(mian)存在短板且(qie)成本(ben)較高；單(dan)片(pian)機(ji)(ji)運算(suan)處(chu)理(li)能力有限。DSP即數(shu)字信(xin)號(hao)處(chu)理(li)器(qi)，兼顧數(shu)據處(chu)理(li)和實(shi)時(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而且(qie)易于開發。以(yi)(yi)(yi)32位(wei)(wei)定點DSP芯片(pian)TMS320F2812為例(li)，其(qi)專門(men)(men)針對電機(ji)(ji)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和運動控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而設(she)計(ji)。硬件配置上，TMS320F2812具有豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)通用輸入輸出接(jie)口、16通道12位(wei)(wei)A/D轉換器(qi)、兩個事件管理(li)器(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)大容量的(de)(de)(de)片(pian)上存儲(chu)器(qi)，能夠較好(hao)地(di)(di)滿足電動執行(xing)(xing)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)需求；運算(suan)速度上，TMS320F2812可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)達到150MIPS，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)實(shi)時(shi)地(di)(di)處(chu)理(li)復(fu)雜控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算(suan)法，實(shi)現高精(jing)度控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，保證電機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)度以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)速度控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)動態特性(xing)(xing)；通信(xin)方(fang)面(mian)，TMS320F2812芯片(pian)支持多(duo)種通信(xin)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，如UART串口通信(xin)、CAN總(zong)線(xian)通信(xin)、SPI總(zong)線(xian)通信(xin)等，能夠很方(fang)便地(di)(di)實(shi)現人機(ji)(ji)交互(hu)界面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)同其(qi)他系(xi)(xi)統(tong)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息交互(hu)。總(zong)體來(lai)說(shuo)，基(ji)于TMS320F2812的(de)(de)(de)電動執行(xing)(xing)器(qi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)不僅具有傳統(tong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)優勢，而且(qie)具備很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)集(ji)成性(xing)(xing)、可(ke)擴(kuo)展(zhan)性(xing)(xing)、二(er)次(ci)開發性(xing)(xing)，提高了控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)、處(chu)理(li)速度以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)通用性(xing)(xing)。

　　電(dian)(dian)動(dong)執(zhi)行器(qi)(qi)通(tong)過(guo)十(shi)字滑塊聯軸(zhou)節，電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與滾(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)絲(si)杠實(shi)現連接(jie)；滾(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)絲(si)杠和滑移平(ping)臺通(tong)過(guo)螺母連接(jie)。電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)輸出轉(zhuan)矩以(yi)(yi)驅動(dong)滾(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)絲(si)扛轉(zhuan)動(dong)，需(xu)(xu)要克(ke)服(fu)回轉(zhuan)體阻尼力和轉(zhuan)動(dong)慣(guan)量等的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。編(bian)碼(ma)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要負責采集電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)角信號，以(yi)(yi)便于(yu)(yu)實(shi)現閉環(huan)控制(zhi)，不過(guo)應根據實(shi)際(ji)應用(yong)(yong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)和條件決定是否安裝編(bian)碼(ma)器(qi)(qi)或(huo)其(qi)他傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)，如霍爾傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)。滾(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)絲(si)杠可(ke)將電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)輸出的(de)(de)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)運(yun)動(dong)轉(zhuan)化為直線(xian)運(yun)動(dong)。滑移平(ping)臺用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)固定工作負載(zai)。通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)執(zhi)行器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)結構原理圖(tu)可(ke)知：電(dian)(dian)動(dong)執(zhi)行器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)運(yun)行情(qing)況(kuang)取決于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)特性及其(qi)控制(zhi)系統，在一定程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)看做電(dian)(dian)動(dong)執(zhi)行器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)核心部(bu)件。在電(dian)(dian)動(dong)執(zhi)行器(qi)(qi)中普遍使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)要有(you)(you)3種，即步進電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、交流伺服(fu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、直流伺服(fu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)等。其(qi)中步進電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)執(zhi)行器(qi)(qi)具有(you)(you)成本低(di)廉(lian)、控制(zhi)簡單(dan)等特點，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)其(qi)應用(yong)(yong)較廣。